TORCH

Toxoplasmosis , other viruses , rubella , cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus .

Toxoplasmosis is seen in 1/3 of females exposed by undercooked meat or cat feces . So , avoid contaminated meat , unwashed fruit/vegetables , unpasteurized cheese , cat feces .

Risks : US demonstrates dilated ventricles , pericardial effusions , echogenic bowel , calcifications in brain .

Rate of transmission :

-first trimester is 25% ;

-second trimester is 54% ;

-third trimester is 75 % .

Rubella : if exposed at least than 11 weeks’ gestation , risk to infant is 90% .

-11-12 weeks : 33% ;

-13-14 weeks :11% ;

- > 16 weeks : 0% .

Cytomegalovirus :

Risks : microcalcifications , microcephaly , MR , IUGR and microcephaly , decreased platelets.

Herpes :

Greatest risk to fetus is during primary infection at SVD : 40% .

During recurrent infection , infants only are infected